釉里红瓷是传统陶瓷中的艺术珍品,属于元代中期景德镇劳动人民的重要发明之一。
釉里红瓷制作工序与同时代的青花瓷大体相同。它是以氧化铜作着色剂,于胎上绘画纹饰后,罩施透明釉,在高温还原焰气氛中烧成。因红色花纹在釉下,故称釉里红瓷。
釉里红缠枝莲纹盘
缠枝莲纹饰是缠枝纹的一种,为传统吉祥纹样。作为瓷器装饰的纹样形式之一,因其图案花枝缠转不断,故称缠枝纹,明代称为“转枝”。其构图机理是以波状线与切圆线相组合,作二方连续或四方连续展开,形成波卷缠绵的基本样式,再在切圆空间中或波线上缀以花卉并点以叶子,便形成枝茎缠绕,花繁叶茂的缠枝花卉纹或缠枝花果纹。
此釉里红要求严格,窑温高了低了都不行,否则就会烧飞了,或者发黑,底部可见明显的氧化红,年代久远,极其难得,此物存世罕见,品相完美,当为传世之宝,具有不可估量的收藏价值。
瓷胎画珐琅是清代皇室自用瓷器中最具特色,釉上彩瓷中最为精美的彩瓷器。从康熙的色浓庄重至雍正的清淡素雅,到乾隆时的精密繁复的雍容华贵,使珐琅,这一洋味十足的彩料在瓷器上得到淋漓尽致的发挥。集中西风韵于一身,画尽了皇家身份的高贵与荣华。乾隆珐琅彩瓷是清代康,雍,乾三代珐琅彩瓷中最为精美的巅峰之作,具有古典美的乾隆仕女游园罐是其代表。
珐琅彩绘采用的画珐的制作技法起源于15世纪中叶欧洲比利时、法国、荷兰三国交界的佛朗德斯地区。15世纪末,法国中西部的里摩居,以其制作内填珐琅工艺为基础,发展成画珐琅的重镇,初期制作以宗教为主题的器物,后来逐渐制做成装饰性的工艺品。随着东西贸易交往的频繁,尤其自清康熙二十三年(1684年)清廷平定台湾以后,禁海开放,西洋制品开始涌入,西洋珐琅便由广州等港口传入中国,并就地设厂研制,称之为洋瓷,宫中则称其为广珐琅。当时,广州的产品多保留着西方文化的韵味,由于烧造技术不高,釉料呈色不稳定。康熙五十八年(1719年),聘请法兰西画珐琅艺人陈忠信来京,在内廷珐琅处指导烧造画珐琅器。其式样、图案主要是中国风格,少有西方画珐琅的特点。
珐琅彩蒜头瓶
瓷制蒜头瓶流行于明清,以景德镇窑制品为多见,品种有青花、五彩、洒蓝描金等。明清景德镇窑蒜头瓶有青花、五彩、粉彩、以及蓝釉、酱釉等各种单色釉品种。明嘉靖蒜头瓶是肩部有堆塑蟠螭装饰;明成化蒜头瓶,仅口部作花瓣状,耳为随意堆塑;明正德蒜头瓶,在瓶腹上设出戟;明万历蒜头瓶,趋于简化,口部已无蒜头了,但器形高大,以青花五彩为多见。清代蒜头瓶的器形趋于轻盈秀美。
“健康长寿是仙鹤寓意之一,在中国的传统文化中,仙鹤是长生不老的仙人的坐骑,是拥有灵力的仙鸟,因此仙鹤也有着长寿的寓意,在人们寿诞时也总是会以“鹤寿”、“鹤龄”、“鹤算”作为祝寿之词。当然简单的仙鹤寓意健康长寿,而在玉雕文化中,松鹤寓意则会更加丰富。比如会将仙鹤与其他事物相结合,赋予仙鹤与众不同的寓意。”
底部落大清乾隆年制款,底部施护胎釉,圈足表现细腻,为糯米胎,最早称之为“糯米汁胎”是形象描述胎体的质感,如同糯米经水磨后流出的米浆一般细腻、光滑。后被称为糯米胎,此胎极其细腻,是瓷石经过多次提炼极其细腻后才有的极品瓷胎,这种瓷胎轻扣声音清脆悦耳,胎质紧密,较一般瓷器硬度要高,抗热涨冷缩能力强,很多瓷器经历上百年时间就会自然的干裂,我们成为阴裂现象,与窑裂不同,是后期形成的,而糯米胎瓷器就不会出现这种问题,由于瓷土极其细腻,也不会出现棕眼的现象,是美瓷的重要要素。
珐琅彩其制作往往极为精良,工艺极为复杂、严谨,现存世也极为稀少。不论是胎体、造型、绘画、书法、色彩、印章都达到了历史的巅峰,风格上色彩丰富、又淡雅多姿、层次清晰,即有类似西方油画的艺术效果,又有东方工笔山水花鸟画之神韵!在清代别说老百姓,就连一些高官大臣都没见过珐琅彩,其实珐琅在明代就开始引进了,当时在玻璃和铜胎上烧制,叫做铜胎珐琅,到了康熙年间就把珐琅彩应用到了瓷器上,发现瓷胎画珐琅更美,康熙的珐琅立体感很强,与铜胎珐琅神似,直到雍正时期,一改风格,以白胎为地,画的十分温润精美,更符合现代审美观,乾隆年间更是瓷器的巅峰展现,这件珐琅彩,满身纹饰,工艺极其复杂,其品相完美,无磕无残,无任何穿线,品相完美,为宫廷重器,具有不可估量的收藏价值。
英文翻译:YouligongporcelainisoneofthearttreasuresoftraditionalceramicsandisoneoftheimportantinventionsmadebytheworkingpeopleofJingdezheninthemiddleofyuanDynasty.
Youligongporcelainproduc,paintedontheembryo,coveredwithtransparentglaze,,itiscalledyouligongporcelain.
Glazeredtanglesthelotusgraindish
Tangzhilotuspatternisakindoftangzhipattern,,becauseofitspatternsofflowersandbranchesintertwineconstantly,itiscalledintertwinebranches,knownas"turnbranches"circularlines,whicharecontinuouslye,flowersandleavesareattachedinthecutcircularspaceoronthewavylinestoformtangle-branchflowerpatternsortangle-branchflowerpatterns.
Theyouligongrequirementsarestrict,thekilntemperatureishighandlowarenotgood,otherwiseitwillburnfly,orblack,visibleatthebottomoftheoxidationred,ancient,extremelyrare,thisrareexistence,perfectappearance,whenthetreasurepasseddown,hasimmeasurablecollectionvalue.
Porcelainembryopaintingenamelisthemostcharacteristicandthemostexqu'scolorthickandsolemntothedelicatesimplebutelegantofyongZheng,totheelegantandelegantofthepreciseandcomplicatedwhenQianlong,makeenamel,thisoneforei,,YongandganenamelporcelainsoftheQingDynasty,andtheqianlongladiesgardenpotwithclassicalbeautyisitsrepresentative.
Enamel-basedpaintingoriginatedinthemid-15thcenturyinTheFlandersregionofEurope,whereBelgium,,Limogu,incentralandwesternFrance,developedin,religiousobjectsweremade,,especiallyaftertheqingcourtpacificationofTaiwanin1684,,andfactoriesweresetuponthespottodevelopit,whichwascalled"westernporcelain",andintheimperialcourtitwascalled"Cantonenamel".Atthattime,guangzhouproductsretainthecharmofwesternculture,becausethefiringtechnologyisnothigh,,inthefifty-eighthyearofkangxi'sreign,ChenZhongxin,aFrenchenamelartist,was,designismainlyChinesestyle,fewwesternpaintingenamelcharacteristics.
Enamelenamelgarlicbottle
PorcelaingarlicbottlepopularintheMingandQingdynasties,withJingdezhenkilnproductsformanysee,varietieshaveblueandwhite,colorful,ite,colorful,pastel,andblueglaze,;Mingchenghuagarlicbottle,onlythemouthforpetalshape,earisoptionalpilemodel;MingZhengdegarlicbottle,inthebottlebellysetahalberd;MingWanligarlicbottle,ttosimplify,themouthhasnogarlic,buttallshape,
",c,,thesimplecranesymbolizeshealthandlongevity,butinjadecarvingculture,,theycombinethecraneswithotherthingstogivethecranesadifferentmeaning."
ThebottomtribeoftheQingDynastyqianlongyear,thebottomoftheglazeisappliedtoprotecttheembryo,circlefootperformanceisdelicate,forglutinousriceembryo,theearliestknownas"glutinousricejuiceembryo"isanimagetodescribethetextureoftheembryobody,likeglutinousric,afterthechildisveryexquisite,isChinastonesomeacuraaftermanyrefinedextremelydelicateporcelainbody,theporcelainbodylightsweetcrisp,TaiZhiclosely,morelikeporcelainhigherhardness,heatfromthecoldresistanceisstrong,alotofChinaexperiencedhundredsofyearstonaturallyweather-shack,webecomeYincrackphenomenon,unlikekilncrack,isformedinthelate,However,,therewillbenobrowneyephenomenon,whichisanimportantelementofbeautifulporcelain.
Theproductionofenamelcolorisoftenverysophisticated,theprocessisverycomplex,strict,,modeling,painting,calligraphy,colorandsealhavereachedthepeakofhistory,thestyleofcolorrich,elegantandcolorful,clearlevels,thatis,similartotheartisticeffectofwesternoilpainting,butalsotheOrientalmeticulouslandscapeflowerandbirdpaintingcharm!Don'tsaypeopleinqingdynasty,andevensomeseniorminister,haven'tseenthecoloredenamel,enamelhasintroducedintheMingdynasty,actuallyontheglassandcopperfoetusfireatthattime,calledcopperfoetusenamel,isappliedtothecoloredenamelporcelaintokangxiyears,foundthatporcelainbodypaintingenamelmorebeauty,kangxienamelstereosenseisverystrong,andcopperfoetusenamelspiritlikeness,untiltheyongzhengperiod,achangeofstyle,Withthewhiteembryoastheground,thepaintingisverywarmanddelicate,moreinlinewithmodernaesthetics,theQianlongperiodisthepeakofporcelainshow,thisenamelcolor,fullofdecoration,theprocessisextremelycomplex,itsappearanceisperfect,nodamage,nothread,theappearanceisperfect,asthecourtheavyware,hasimmeasurablecollectionvalue.